Wildlife encounters can happen in urban, suburban, and rural environments alike. Protect your dog by keeping vaccinations up to date and learning how to avoid conflicts with wild animals. 

When most people think about unexpected run-ins with wildlife, they picture a remote hiking trail deep in the woods. In reality, many of the animals that pose risks to dogs in the Raleigh area live much closer to home. Neighborhoods, greenways, parks, and even fenced backyards can create opportunities for interactions.

Even though most wildlife go to great lengths to avoid people and pets, animals that are protecting young, searching for food, or carrying certain diseases may become aggressive.  Get to know the wildlife commonly found in and around Raleigh, and take steps to keep your dog safer in any setting. 

Where Do Raleigh Dogs Encounter Wild Animals?

One reason wildlife encounters catch pet owners off guard is that many animals have adapted surprisingly well to city and suburban environments.

Raleigh’s expanding neighborhoods often border wooded areas, creeks, greenways, and undeveloped land. Wild animals frequently travel through these corridors in search of food, water, and shelter. Animals may also be attracted to certain features of suburban sprawl, like bird feeders, unsecured trash, pet food left outdoors, or dense landscaping that provides cover.

As a result, Raleigh dogs can encounter wildlife almost anywhere, including:

• Neighborhoods
• Apartment complexes
• Dog parks
• Greenways and walking trails
• Campgrounds
• Hiking areas
• Lakes and streams
• Nature preserves

Even dogs that spend most of their time at home may meet wild animals in their own yard.

Common Wildlife Threats to Dogs in the Raleigh Area

Snakes

Several snake species live throughout North Carolina. Most are harmless, but copperheads (a venomous variety) are common in and around Raleigh.

Copperheads are especially active during warmer months and are often found in woods, rock piles, leaf litter, gardens, and any area with abundant rodents. Curious dogs may investigate a snake and receive a defensive bite.

Snake bites can cause:

• Pain and swelling
• Tissue damage
• Bruising
• Difficulty breathing in severe cases
• Shock

Any suspected snakebite should be treated as a veterinary emergency.

Raccoons

Raccoons are highly adaptable and frequently make their homes in urban and suburban neighborhoods. They are drawn to trash cans, outdoor pet food, and unsecured attics and crawl spaces.

Raccoons can become aggressive if they are cornered or protecting their young. They are also the most frequently reported carriers of rabies, a zoonotic disease that is almost always fatal.

Dogs that attempt to confront raccoons or chase them out of their space risk injury and exposure to parasites and serious illness.

Coyotes

Coyote populations are on the rise — they can now be found in each of North Carolina’s 100 counties. 

Though coyotes generally prefer to avoid humans, dawn and dusk sightings are growing more common, even in developed areas. Attacks are relatively rare, but small dogs are at particular risk of being mistaken for prey. 

Foxes

Foxes tend to stay out of sight, but they can carry diseases that pose serious risks to pets, including rabies and mange. Dogs may encounter foxes in wooded neighborhoods, parks, or near water sources. 

Fox sightings are concerning because of their shy nature. A fox behaving unusually — appearing disoriented, aggressive, or unafraid of people — should be avoided and reported to Raleigh Animal Control. 

Skunks

Most pet owners associate skunks with their powerful odor, but they can also bite when threatened and are considered a rabies vector species. Dogs that corner or chase skunks can expect to be on the receiving end of their putrid defensive spray, as well as possible injuries and exposure to disease.

Opossums

Opossums aren’t typically aggressive, but they may defend themselves if they feel threatened. Dogs that harass opossums may be scratched or bitten.

Rodents

Mice, rats, and other rodents can create indirect risks for dogs.

Rodents may carry parasites and diseases, and their nests attract predators like raccoons, foxes, and snakes. Poisons used to control rodent populations can be lethal to pets if they aren’t used properly, and dogs that catch mice, rats, and gophers may be exposed to rodenticides. 

Birds of Prey

Though it’s uncommon, very small dogs may be vulnerable to attacks from large birds of prey like hawks and owls.

Toy breeds and puppies should always be supervised when outdoors, particularly in open areas where large raptors may hunt.

Diseases Wildlife Can Transmit to Dogs

Physical injuries are only part of the concern. Wildlife can expose dogs to a variety of serious illnesses.

Rabies

Rabies remains one of the most serious wildlife-related health threats. The virus attacks the nervous system and almost always results in death once symptoms develop.

Keeping your dog’s rabies vaccination current is one of the most important steps you can take to protect their health.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected wildlife. Dogs may be exposed by drinking from ponds and puddles or wading through stagnant water. 

Symptoms can include:

• Fever
• Vomiting
• Lethargy
• Kidney damage
• Liver disease

Fortunately, a leptospirosis vaccine is available and can drastically reduce your dog’s risk of contracting the illness. 

Parasites

Parasites common in wildlife can infect dogs when they consume dead animals, ingest grass or feces, or encounter intermediate hosts like mosquitoes. 

Hookworms, roundworms, heartworms, and Giardia can cause life-threatening illness. Routine parasite prevention is essential, even for pets living in city environments. 

Reduce the Risk of Wildlife Encounters

We share our world with wild animals. While it’s not possible to eliminate the possibility entirely, these practical steps can make wildlife encounters safer and less likely. 

Keep Dogs Leashed on Trails

Many wildlife incidents occur when dogs’ curiosity or prey drive takes over. Keeping your dog on a leash allows you to maintain control and prevent most conflicts before they happen — especially important on Raleigh-area greenways and wooded hiking trails.

Supervise Outdoor Time

Don’t assume that a fence will keep wild animals from entering your property. 

Avoid leaving dogs unattended outdoors, particularly at dawn, dusk, and overnight when many wildlife species are most active.

Reduce Attractants

Removing access to food sources can make your property less appealing to wildlife.

Consider:

• Securing trash containers and compost
• Bringing pet food indoors
• Cleaning up fallen fruit and birdseed

Landscaping choices can also play a role. Trimming tall grass and removing brush piles can discourage animals from making their homes in your yard. 

Keep Vaccinations Current

In situations where encounters can’t be avoided, preventative care is your best line of defense against serious health consequences. 

Work with your vet to make sure vaccinations and parasite prevention are up to date. Though most wildlife encounters end without incident, preparing for all possibilities can help you and your dog fully enjoy everything that Raleigh’s outdoor spaces have to offer. 

While it can be frustrating, scratching is a completely normal instinct in healthy cats.  Instead of attempting to eliminate scratching through punishment or declawing, learning your cat’s preferences can help pet parents redirect this behavior in less destructive ways. 

If your couch, carpets, or doorframes are looking worse for wear, a few adjustments to your home can make all the difference. Here’s what pet parents need to know about the feline urge to scratch — and why your current scratching post may not be fully meeting your cat’s needs. 

Why Do Cats Scratch?

It’s easy to label scratching as “misbehavior,” but in reality, it’s a very practical instinct retained from their pre-domesticated ancestors. 

Scratching serves several important purposes for your cat:

• Maintaining claws by removing old, outer layers of keratin.
• Stretching the muscles of their legs and feet. 
• Marking territory through scent glands in their paws.
• Relieving pent-up stress or excitement. 
• Communicating visually through scratch marks. 

Because scratching is so connected to cats’ physical and emotional well-being, trying to eliminate it completely is unlikely to work — at least not without harming your cat. It’s best to think of scratching as normal, expected behavior and shift your focus to helping your cat find an outlet that works for you both. 

Why Cats Claw Furniture and Carpets

Cats do not choose scratching surfaces randomly. Usually, they are drawn to materials, locations, and textures they enjoy. If you pay attention, you may notice that your cat’s favorite places to exercise their claws all have something in common. 

Cats often gravitate towards: 

• Rough woven fabric with “loops” that provide resistance for claws
• Tall or broad surfaces that allow for a full-body stretch
• Sturdy objects and surfaces that don’t move under their body weight
• High-traffic areas where the family spends time and lots of scents are exchanged.

Unfortunately, couches, rugs, and carpeting check all of these boxes for many cats. 

These targets are attractive enough under normal circumstances, but scratching instincts can become particularly heightened when cats are anxious or under-stimulated. Changes in the household, new pets, unfamiliar visitors, or lack of enrichment can all dial up scratching behavior.

Declawing is Never the Answer

As cats became more popular indoor pets in the 1950s, declawing was widely viewed as the obvious solution to shredded furniture and carpeting. However, it’s far from a simple cosmetic procedure. 

Declawing involves not just the removal of the claw, but the amputation of the upper part of each toe bone. In human terms, the process would be analogous to removing the tip of each finger at the first knuckle. 

Declawing can lead to:

• Chronic pain
• Changes in gait or posture
• Litter box avoidance
• Increased biting or aggression
• Anxiety and stress-related behaviors

Because of the pain and long-term effects associated with declawing, many veterinarians and animal welfare organizations strongly discourage the procedure.

The removal of their claws leaves many cats feeling permanently anxious and vulnerable, which can lead to other behavioral problems that are even harder to manage than scratching.

Rather than taking away a cat’s ability to scratch, it is much healthier and more humane to help them express this instinct in more desirable ways. 

Find Out What (and How) Your Cat Likes to Scratch

One of the biggest mistakes pet parents make is buying a single scratching post and assuming the problem is solved. Cats are picky, and many have strong preferences about how they like to scratch.

Your cat may prefer to scratch vertically or horizontally, or they may gravitate towards certain textures while completely ignoring others. 

The best way to stop the destruction is to observe what your cat is already doing and provide alternatives that mimic their favorite problematic scratching spots. 

For example:

• If your cat scratches the carpet, try a horizontal cardboard scratcher.
• If they scratch the side of the couch, a tall vertical sisal post may work better.
• If they scratch doorframes, they may prefer wooden or hard-surface scratchers. 

Be aware that it may take some trial and error before you find your cat’s favorite scratching setup. Try to stay patient and follow their lead.  

Experiment with Placement

Even the best scratching post will not help if it is placed in a part of your home that your cat rarely accesses. 

One of the main drivers of scratching behavior is communication — it’s why cats frequently scratch in high-traffic areas of the home. Individual preferences will vary, but in general, cats are more likely to actually use scratchers that are placed near the spots they already like to scratch. 

If a carpet-covered cat tree is at odds with the aesthetics of your living room, take heart — options for modern-looking scratchers have exploded in recent years. Once you discover the shape and texture your cat prefers, you can invest in scratching equipment that suits your space. 

Make Appropriate Scratching More Appealing

Sometimes cats need encouragement to use new scratching surfaces.

You can make scratchers more attractive by:

• Sprinkling catnip on them
• Rewarding your cat with treats or praise when they show interest in them
• Playing near the scratching area

Remember that cats will probably avoid posts that wobble. If they’re ignoring a new scratcher, make sure it’s positioned properly to feel sturdy and stable under their weight. 

Protecting Furniture from Scratching

It can take time to fully redirect scratching onto more appropriate surfaces. In the meantime, you may want to take steps to protect your furniture.

While some pet parents have success with furniture covers and plastic sheeting, one of the easiest ways to reduce stretching is to keep your cat’s nails neatly trimmed. Manicured nails are less destructive to wood and fabric, and they address your cat’s need to shed dead keratin. 

As you make the transition, it’s best to avoid punishing your cat for choosing the sofa over their new scratcher. Yelling and spraying water can make them fearful and anxious without doing anything to redirect their instincts. 

Reduce Problem Scratching with Enrichment

Saving your furniture may require a two-pronged approach. 

Cats who are bored or under-stimulated are more likely to fixate on exercising their claws. In addition to providing appropriate scratchers, increasing environmental enrichment can help. 

Mental and physical stimulation helps many cats feel calmer and more satisfied, which may reduce stress-related scratching.

Experiment with:

• Interactive toys
• Climbing trees or cat shelves
• Puzzle feeders
• Window perches
• Daily play sessions

Every Cat Is Different

There is no one-size-fits-all solution for scratching. Some cats love cardboard loungers, while others insist on tall sisal posts. Some have a dedicated scratching spot, and some prefer multiple scratching stations throughout the house.

It all starts with accepting scratching as a normal part of the feline experience. Patience and observation go a long way. Once you understand your cat’s preferences, it becomes much easier to guide their behavior in a positive direction. 

With the right setup, you can protect your home while still allowing your cat to express themselves in a healthy, natural way. 

The short answer: Leptospirosis is on the rise in North Carolina, and many dogs can benefit from the lepto vaccine, regardless of their direct exposure to wildlife. 

Pet parents know to stay vigilant about preventing rabies, distemper, and bordetella, but for many years, leptospirosis was mainly considered a concern for hunting dogs. Leptospira bacteria are primarily transmitted when dogs come into contact with soil or water contaminated with the urine of infected wild animals, but exposure is no longer relegated to working breeds. 

Urban encroachment, in combination with NC’s warm, humid climate, means that even city-dwelling dogs are at risk. 

What is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that affects both animals and humans. Because it can be spread between dogs and humans, it’s known as a zoonotic disease. 

Dogs typically encounter Leptospira bacteria via contaminated: 

• Standing flood water or puddles
• Mud and soil
• Lakes, ponds, and other still water
• Wildlife scent trails 
• Shared space with an infected dog

These bacteria can enter your dog’s body through their nose, mouth, eyes, or small breaks in their skin. Once infected, leptospirosis enters the bloodstream and begins to damage major organs, particularly the liver and kidneys. 

Symptoms of Leptospirosis in Dogs

Leptospirosis symptoms can vary widely. Some dogs have a more subtle presentation, while others become critically sick very quickly.

Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Lethargy
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Muscle pain or stiffness
• Shivering
• Weakness

As the disease progresses, dogs may develop signs of kidney or liver failure, including:

• Jaundice (yellowing of the gums or eyes)
• Severe dehydration
• Difficulty breathing
• Bloody urine
• Reduced urine production

Because the symptoms overlap with many other illnesses, leptospirosis can sometimes be difficult to identify early without diagnostic testing.

Why is Lepto a Risk for Raleigh Dogs?

North Carolina’s environment creates ideal conditions for leptospirosis to survive.

Warm temperatures, frequent rainfall, humidity, and abundant wildlife all contribute to increased exposure risks. The bacteria thrive in moist environments, particularly after heavy rain or flooding.

Known carriers of leptospirosis, like raccoons, possums, foxes, mice, and deer,  are common throughout NC, but it’s no longer necessary to enter their natural habitats to be exposed to the bacteria. 

As NC residential areas continue to develop, it’s increasingly common for wild animals to urinate in parks, along greenways, and in private yards. Veterinarians are seeing an uptick in lepto cases in urban and suburban dogs. 

Community dog parks, apartment complexes, boarding facilities, and sidewalks with standing water can all create opportunities for exposure.

Treatment

Leptospirosis can become extremely serious if not treated promptly.

Some dogs recover fully with veterinary care, especially when treatment begins early. Others may suffer permanent kidney or liver damage even after surviving the infection.

Treatment hinges on antibiotics and IV fluids, but the more advanced the infection, the poorer the prognosis. While your dog’s general health heavily impacts their likelihood of recovery, leptospirosis infections are fatal in up to 20% of cases. 

Leptospirosis also presents a public health concern because infected dogs can potentially spread the bacteria to other dogs as well as humans. While transmission from pets to people is relatively uncommon with proper precautions, veterinarians still take the disease very seriously.

Even after treatment, dogs can continue to shed the bacteria through their urine for several months. Households dealing with confirmed or suspected exposure should disinfect shared surfaces regularly and avoid direct contact with urine or soiled bedding. 

How Effective Is the Lepto Vaccine?

While it can’t guarantee that your dog will never become infected, a vaccine can reduce their risk of leptospirosis by around 88%. 

The lepto vaccine protects against the most common strains responsible for canine infections. Studies have shown that vaccinated dogs are substantially less likely to develop severe illness or organ failure compared to unvaccinated dogs exposed to the bacteria.

Current vaccines are considered highly effective at reducing:

• Clinical disease
• Severe kidney and liver complications
• Bacterial shedding
• Risk long-term of hospitalization

Protection is strongest when dogs remain current on boosters, since immunity decreases over time. Most dogs receive an initial series followed by boosters at their annual wellness visit.

Is the Lepto Vaccine Safe?

The lepto vaccine has improved considerably over the years. Early versions carried higher rates of side effects, particularly for small dogs, but the modern vaccine is much better tolerated.

As with any vaccine, veterinarians weigh the risks and benefits based on the individual dog’s health, age, lifestyle, and exposure risk. 

Because treatment can be so difficult, expensive, and time-sensitive, for many North Carolina dogs, the risk posed by leptospirosis itself is considered much greater than the risk of vaccination.

Protecting Your Dog

Vaccination is one of the best tools for reducing lepto risk, but additional precautions can also help avoid exposure while you continue to enjoy Raleigh’s community parks, doggy daycares,  and trail systems: 

• Don’t allow your dog to drink from puddles. Bring plenty of fresh water on walks so pets aren’t tempted by standing water. 
• Avoid swimming or wading in stagnant ponds or creeks, especially during hot weather. 
• Control rodents in and around your home. 
• Store pet food securely to avoid attracting wildlife.

Regular wellness visits also help veterinarians identify potential concerns early and keep vaccines up to date.

Ask Your Veterinarian about Your Dog’s Lepto Risk

Leptospirosis is a serious disease that many North Carolina dogs may encounter through everyday exposure. While lifestyle does contribute to risk, vaccination has become an important preventive tool for many pets in urban and rural areas alike. 

If you’re uncertain whether the lepto vaccine makes sense for your dog, your veterinarian can help you weigh the overall health considerations and make the best decision for your family. 

Even healthy dogs and cats benefit from routine bloodwork. Annual lab testing helps veterinarians establish baseline values, monitor organ function, and detect early signs of disease before symptoms develop. In many cases, catching issues early can lead to simpler treatment, lower costs, and better long-term outcomes. 

When pets are happy and energetic, it’s easy to deprioritize preventative care. Unfortunately, many conditions present without initial symptoms, and cats and dogs are known to hide their pain. If an uneventful year has you considering skipping your pet’s wellness visit, here are a few reasons to reconsider. 

Why Routine Bloodwork Matters

A physical exam can tell your veterinarian a lot, but it can’t reveal how your pet’s internal organs are functioning or provide insight into their metabolic health. 

Bloodwork allows your vet team to look below the surface and detect subtle changes, often before they become serious problems. 

Labwork can reveal: 

• Diminished liver or kidney function
• Abnormal blood cell counts and immune system activity
• Metabolic and endocrine disorders
• Early signs of infection and inflammation

Because our pets can’t tell us when something feels “off,” regular bloodwork can uncover issues before they show any overt signs of discomfort. 

The Value of a Baseline

One of the biggest advantages of including bloodwork in your wellness visit is establishing what’s “normal” for your individual pet.

Just like people, not all pets fall perfectly within textbook ranges. Your dog’s normal may be slightly different from another dog’s, and determining their unique baseline will make it much easier to recognize changes over time. 

When your veterinarian has access to prior bloodwork results, they can spot trends that might otherwise go unnoticed. For example, a value that’s steadily increasing year after year may be worth investigating, even if it’s still within the normal range. 

Conditions Commonly Detected by Blood Panels

Routine bloodwork screens for a wide range of conditions that can affect dogs and cats of all ages. Some of the most common include:

Kidney Disease

Early kidney dysfunction often has no obvious symptoms. Bloodwork can detect changes in kidney values before your pet becomes sick, allowing for dietary adjustments or treatment that can help slow progression.

Liver Disease

Elevated liver enzymes can signal inflammation, infection, or other underlying issues that warrant further investigation.

Electrolyte Imbalances

Abnormal sodium, potassium, or calcium levels can point to dehydration, organ dysfunction, or endocrine disease.

Diabetes

Aging pets are at an increased risk for diabetes, but the condition can strike at any phase of life. Detecting changes in blood glucose levels is crucial for identifying diabetes before classic signs like increased thirst or urination appear.

Thyroid Disorders

Both hypothyroidism (more common in dogs) and hyperthyroidism (more common in cats) can be identified through blood testing.

Immune Conditions and Anemia

A complete blood count (CBC) provides a lot of insight into potential health problems. A low red blood cell count (anemia) may point to vitamin or mineral deficiencies, while a high white blood cell count can indicate infection or immune-related conditions. 

In many cases, early detection allows for less invasive treatment and a better quality of life.

When Annual Bloodwork is Essential for Pets

Routine bloodwork is an important part of preventative care for all pets, but certain cats and dogs have an even greater need for consistent monitoring. 

Senior Dogs and Cats

As pets age, their risk for chronic conditions increases. For most dogs and cats, “senior” status begins around age 7, though this can vary somewhat with breed and size.

Older pets are more prone to conditions like kidney disease, arthritis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders, which may develop gradually. Annual (or even semiannual) bloodwork helps catch these issues while they are more manageable.

Pets with Chronic Health Conditions

Cats and dogs diagnosed with conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, or endocrine disorders require especially close monitoring. Bloodwork can help guide treatment decisions, track disease progression, and adjust medications as needed.

Pets on Long-Term Medications

Pets who are managing a chronic condition with medication may need more frequent bloodwork. Certain prescriptions can impact the function of organ systems with long-term use, and regular labwork allows your veterinarian to monitor for side effects. 

Pets Undergoing Anesthesia

If your cat or dog is going to be put under, even for a routine procedure like a dental cleaning, bloodwork is usually recommended. Labs help confirm that your pet’s organs are functioning properly and that they’re healthy enough to tolerate anesthesia. 

Addressing Common Concerns

“Is bloodwork really necessary if my pet isn’t sick?”

In many ways, bloodwork is most useful when pets are healthy. Preventive testing is about catching problems before they become serious (and more expensive) to treat.

“Will a blood draw stress my pet out?”

Most blood draws are quick and well-tolerated. Veterinary teams are trained to minimize stress and keep pets comfortable and distracted throughout the process.

“Is annual bloodwork worth the cost?”

While bloodwork can be an added expense, early detection is a tremendous money-saver for pet parents. Preventive care helps avoid emergencies and, in many cases, preserves less invasive, less expensive treatment options. 

Prevention Pays Off

Thorough veterinary care isn’t just for sick dogs and cats. The most impactful interventions can happen when nothing seems wrong. 

Pets age faster than we do — a year in their life represents a significant span of time, and a lot can change beneath the surface in that window. Annual bloodwork is part of a larger preventative approach that fills the gaps for pets who aren’t always able to tell us when they don’t feel well. 

Work with your veterinarian to design a wellness schedule that fits your pet’s age and health history. Proactive care is one of the best ways to add healthy, happy years to your cat or dog’s life. 

Seizures in dogs are frightening for pet parents, but proactive trigger management and an effective safety plan can greatly improve outcomes.

Whether your pet has a medical condition that makes them prone to seizures or you simply want to be prepared for a possible episode, the right support will help your canine companion avoid injury and get the right follow-up care. 

Why Do Dogs Have Seizures?

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled burst of electrical activity in the brain that can affect a dog’s movement, behavior, and awareness. Some seizures are dramatic, while others are subtle and easy to miss.

The most recognizable type is a generalized (grand mal) seizure, where a dog may:

• Collapse
• Twitch or paddle their legs
• Drool or foam at the mouth
• Lose consciousness 
• Involuntarily urinate or defecate 

Some dogs experience less-obvious focal seizures, which can involve tremors localized to one part of the body, unusual eye movements, or brief episodes of disorientation.

Common Causes of Seizures

Seizures themselves are a symptom, not a disease. They can happen for a wide range of reasons, and sometimes, veterinary teams aren’t able to identify an underlying medical cause. In these cases, dogs may be diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy.

Idiopathic epilepsy is a relatively common disorder that primarily affects dogs under five years old. Certain breeds are more prone to the condition, including Border Collies, Australian Shepherds, and Labrador Retrievers. It’s not generally curable, but very manageable with medications and trigger reduction. 

Other possible causes include: 

• Toxins: The ingestion of toxic substances like chocolate, xylitol, certain plants, or medications can trigger seizures.
• Metabolic issues: Low blood sugar, liver disease, or kidney dysfunction can disrupt brain activity.
• Neurological conditions: Brain tumors, inflammation, or infections (such as encephalitis) can lead to seizures.
• Trauma: Head injuries can contribute to seizures, sometimes long after the initial event.

Because causes can vary widely, a first-time seizure always warrants a vet visit, even if your dog seems to recover quickly. 

What to Do Before a Seizure

It’s not always possible to prevent a seizure, but you can stay prepared for one. If your dog has a known history of seizures, talk with your veterinarian about creating a plan for:

• Medication management: If prescribed, anti-seizure medications must be given consistently.
• Triggers: Some dogs have identifiable seizure triggers, such as stress, excitement, disrupted routines, or even weather. Learning and avoiding triggers can reduce the frequency of episodes. 
• In-home safety: Get your home ready for an episode before it occurs by removing hazards and minimizing sharp edges.
• Emergencies: Know when a seizure becomes an emergency and who to call after hours.

If seizures are chronic, your vet may recommend keeping a log that includes the date, duration, and details of each incident. This information can be very helpful for designing an effective treatment plan. 

What to Do During a Seizure

When a seizure happens, your primary role is to keep your dog safe and monitor the situation.

Try to keep calm and focus on safety. Clear the area of objects and reduce lights and noise if possible. Set a timer, and stay nearby while the seizure runs its course. 

Do not:

• Put your hands inside your dog’s mouth.
• Try to restrain them forcefully.
• Offer food or water during the episode.

It’s a myth that dogs are at risk of swallowing their tongue during a seizure (its physiological structure makes this impossible). Keep away from your dog’s mouth to avoid being injured during involuntary movement.  

Know When a Seizure Is an Emergency

Seek immediate veterinary care if:

• A seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
• Multiple seizures occur close together (cluster seizures)
• Your dog does not regain awareness between episodes
• This is your dog’s first seizure

What to Do After a Seizure

The recovery period immediately following a seizure is known as the post-ictal phase. It can last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. During this time, your dog may experience: 

• Disorientation or confusion
• Temporary blindness
• Pacing or restlessness
• Excessive thirst or hunger

Reassure your dog and be patient. It may take time for them to recognize you and their surroundings. 

Once they are fully alert, offer water and allow them to rest quietly. If anything about the seizure is new or unusual, let your vet know right away. Changes to their condition can inform treatment strategies. 

How Are Seizures Treated?

Not every dog that has a seizure will need medication. Treatment depends on the frequency and severity of seizures, your dog’s overall health, and whether an underlying cause can be identified. 

Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy are often prescribed anti-seizure medications such as phenobarbital, potassium bromide, or levetiracetam. They can be very effective, but they typically require ongoing monitoring and regular bloodwork to adjust dosing and monitor for side effects. 

Reducing Seizure Frequency and Improving Quality of Life

If your dog is managing a seizure condition, small changes to your routine can make a big difference. 

Dogs with epilepsy often do best with predictably daily activity, regular feeding times, and consistent medication schedules. If you notice patterns (for example, that seizures tend to follow intense excitement or stress), try to minimize triggering situations as much as possible. 

Good nutrition and gentle movement can also be helpful. Your veterinarian may recommend dietary adjustments or supplements to support your dog’s overall neurological health. 

Supporting a Dog with Epilepsy

Though the condition is scary, many dogs who experience seizures manage to stay happy and healthy. With treatment, 60-70% of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy attain good seizure control and live out normal lifespans. 

Work with your veterinarian to determine the best strategy for preventing and preparing for episodes. Good planning can reduce your feelings of helplessness and help you focus on keeping your dog safe and comfortable while they ride out the seizure and recover. 

The safest way to help an overweight dog or cat lose weight is to combine portion-controlled, high-quality nutrition with increased activity. 

Pet obesity is surprisingly common, with around 59% of dogs and 61% of cats measuring above their ideal weight. Like their human counterparts, a sedentary lifestyle and excessive snacking can cause pets to pick up pounds, especially as they age. 

If your vet has recommended improving your pet’s body condition score (BCS) or you’ve noticed changes in their body shape or activity level, small, consistent changes lead to sustainable results. Here is what pet parents need to know about helping their dog or cat reach a healthy weight. 

Overweight Dogs and Cats: It’s Not About Looks

Chubby pets are undeniably cute, but extra weight isn’t just skin deep. Especially for smaller cats and dogs, a few excess pounds can impact the way their entire bodies function. 

In addition to added strain on tendons and joints, extra body fat is taxing on pets’ organs. When fat cells (adipocytes) become too large and numerous, their struggle for sufficient oxygen can trigger an immune system response. The resulting chronic inflammation elevates their risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic conditions.

Some of the most common health concerns associated with obesity in pets include:

• Arthritis and joint pain
• Reduced mobility and stamina
• Diabetes (especially in cats)
• Heart and respiratory disease
• Increased surgical and anesthetic risk
• Shortened lifespan

When excess weight makes it more difficult to exercise and play, a once-energetic pet may start to resist long walks or laser pointer games. Unless you disrupt the cycle of inactivity and weight gain with new routines, their quality of life will slowly decline. 

Fortunately, even a modest weight reduction can initiate big improvements in their energy level and mobility. 

Start with Your Veterinarian

If you’ve decided to make changes to your pet’s diet or activity level, it’s best to do so under the supervision of your veterinarian. 

While weight loss is technically a matter of energy in, energy out, underlying medical conditions can play a significant role. A veterinary exam will screen for thyroid disease and metabolic disorders so that you can create a plan with their total wellness in mind. 

At your appointment, your vet will determine your pet’s ideal body weight and calculate a daily calorie target for safe, sustainable weight loss. 

Choosing the Right Food to Help Your Dog (or Cat) Lose Weight

There are many weight-loss pet foods on the market, but high-quality diets share a few key characteristics, regardless of brand. 

Reduced Calorie Density

Your dog or cat is likely to notice (and protest) if there is suddenly less food in their dish. Formulas that contain fewer calories per serving allow pets to eat a similar quantity of food while still maintaining a calorie deficit. This is often achieved by using leaner proteins (like chicken and turkey rather than beef or pork) as a main ingredient, or by bulking up food with low-calorie sources of fiber, like vegetables.  

Increased Protein  

Protein plays a critical role in satiety during weight loss, and it also encourages lean muscle growth. 

More muscular pets have a higher resting metabolic rate and burn fat more efficiently, making it easier to maintain weight loss over time. 

Balanced Nutrition

Simply feeding your pet less of their standard food can cause them to miss out on essential vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. A high-quality weight-loss formula will meet their nutritional needs, even on a reduced-calorie budget. 

Measure for Success

Even the most carefully selected food won’t be effective if portions aren’t correct and consistent. Rounded vs level scoops can make a significant difference, especially for small cats and dogs. For the most reliable measurements, rely on a kitchen scale. 

If your pet is in the habit of free-feeding, work with your vet to determine a feeding schedule that will meet their needs without leaving them feeling deprived. 

Choose Less Calorie-Dense Treats

Treats and table scraps can be major contributors to weight gain, but smart choices can actually make it easier for your pet to reach their goal. 

As a general rule, treats should make up no more than 10% of your dog or cat’s daily calorie intake. For an 8lb cat who needs between 160-220 calories, a few licks of unattended cereal milk can quickly put them over the limit. 

Look for treats that are formulated for weight loss, or choose reasonable quantities of pet-safe fruits and vegetables. 

Increase Your Dog or Cat’s Daily Activity

Exercise complements dietary changes by helping your pet burn calories, build muscle, and stay mentally engaged. That said, it’s important to increase activity gradually, especially for pets who are currently overweight or inactive.

For Dogs

Start with manageable changes and create new goals over time:

• Take short walks once or twice daily, gradually increasing the duration
• Encourage movement with games like fetch and tug-of-war
• Add variety with new routes or environments to keep your dog engaged

If your dog struggles with joint pain, low-impact activities like swimming may be a good alternative to walking or running. 

For Cats 

Cats can be harder to motivate to exercise, especially as they get older. Finding activities they enjoy may take creativity and persistence.  

• Try interactive toys like feather wands or laser pointers
• Encourage climbing with cat trees or shelves
• Rotate toys regularly to maintain interest
• Schedule multiple short play sessions throughout the day

With consistency, even a few minutes of active play can make a difference.

Set Realistic Expectations

Monitoring your pet’s progress with routine weigh-ins can help keep you both on track, but remember that healthy weight loss is gradual. 

For most pets, a loss of about 1–2% of body weight per week is considered safe and sustainable. Avoid rushing results, and understand that plateaus are entirely normal as your pet’s metabolism adjusts to a reduced-calorie diet. 

Help Your Pet Maintain a Healthy Weight

Once your dog or cat reaches their goal weight, work with your vet to shift into maintenance mode. 

An updated calorie goal will help stabilize their weight, but keep in mind that success depends on continued exercise and a consistent feeding schedule. If your pet slips back into unstructured snacking or begins skipping walks and play sessions, the weight will return quickly. 

Fat cells shrink with weight loss, but they don’t disappear. A formerly overweight pet will find it much easier to pack on pounds than one that has always had a normal body condition score. Consistent monitoring can help you address small gains before they begin to affect your pet’s health. 

Tooth resorption may be the most common feline dental disease you’ve never heard of. 

This painful, progressive oral condition is estimated to affect nearly 3 in 4 cats over the age of five. Despite how common it is, tooth resorption frequently goes unnoticed until nerves are exposed, gums are inflamed, and teeth are broken. 

Given that pet parents are only about half as likely to brush their cats’ teeth as they are to brush their dogs’, feline oral disease is often a silent epidemic. Get to know the warning signs so you don’t have to wait for obvious signals of pain to get your cat the help they need. 

What is Tooth Resorption?

As the name suggests, tooth resorption is a condition in which your cat’s body breaks down and reabsorbs its own teeth. 

Specialized cells called odontoclasts exist to help animals shed baby teeth and create space for permanent ones. When these cells mistakenly attack permanent teeth, however, they destroy the dentin, enamel, and cementum (root covering) that keep nerves protected and teeth anchored in the gum. 

Damage usually starts below the gumline at the root, and spreads to the crown of the tooth over time. The earliest stages usually aren’t detectable without dental X-rays. As hard dental tissues erode, teeth can chip, shatter, or fall out completely. 

Tooth resorption can progress at different rates and can affect one tooth or several at the same time. Taking action when you first suspect tooth resorption will prevent your cat from experiencing prolonged pain. 

What Does Tooth Resorption Look Like in Cats?

The first visible signs of tooth resorption typically appear in the gums. You may notice inflammation or small lesions that resemble cavities. 

Other signs can include: 

• Red or pink spots on teeth
• Holes or pits in teeth
• Worn-down or broken teeth
• Red, swollen gums

Lesions and exposed dental nerves are extremely sensitive. Even gentle handling or contact with food and water may be very painful for your cat. 

Signs Your Cat May Have Dental Pain

Cats have adapted to be stoic about pain, so their behavior may not accurately reflect the amount of discomfort they’re actually in. Without regular preventative dental care and x-rays, dental disease can remain unnoticed or hidden beneath the gumline until damage is extensive. 

Your first clues about tooth resorption may lie in subtle changes to your cat’s mood or habits. 

Pay attention if your cat:

• Starts favoring one side of their mouth when they chew
• Has a sudden preference for soft food
• Drops food while eating
• Paws at their mouth
• Drools excessively
• Has bad breath
• Is eating or drinking less
• Seems withdrawn or irritable 

Why Does Tooth Resorption Happen?

The precise cause of tooth resorption is still a bit of a veterinary mystery. Researchers tend to believe that it’s the result of interacting factors rather than a single cause. 

Popular theories involve: 

Chronic inflammation: Untreated gingivitis and periodontitis are thought to stimulate the production of odontoclasts to break down permanent teeth. 

Immune system dysfunction: Some veterinary researchers believe tooth resorption is a result of the immune system attacking healthy dental tissue. 

Dietary factors: Certain mineral and nutritional deficiencies may play a role in tooth resorption, but no definitive link has been confirmed. 

Genetics: It’s possible that some cats may have a genetic predisposition to developing tooth resorption. 

While good at-home oral care serves many important preventive functions, there is currently no guaranteed way to prevent the condition altogether. 

When it comes to tooth resorption, regularly brushing your cat’s teeth and inspecting their gums is most helpful in that it allows pet parents to identify and treat problems early. 

Treatment

If you suspect tooth resorption, your veterinarian will perform a thorough oral exam and take X-rays to confirm the condition of roots and deep gum tissue. 

Once they locate the source of the pain, the most common treatment is an extraction of the damaged tooth. While this may sound drastic, it’s often the least invasive way to provide your cat fast relief and restore their quality of life. 

If X-rays confirm that the root is already being resorbed, your vet may perform a crown amputation, a procedure that removes only the visible part of the tooth and allows the body to dissolve the root naturally. While this option is less invasive than a full extraction, it’s still important to be mindful of gum sutures and stick to wet food and soft toys for several weeks. 

Supporting Your Cat After Tooth Extraction

Most cats recover from tooth extractions with surprising ease, even when the procedure involves multiple teeth. 

Removing decaying teeth brings almost-immediate relief, so supporting your cat comes down to following your vet’s post-op instructions and helping them adjust to their new bite. 

Monitor your cat’s appetite, mood, and activity levels and report any concerns to your vet. Especially if extractions were extensive, hard kibble may be difficult to manage even after the gums are fully healed. A switch to wet food and soft or lickable treats can help your cat meet their nutritional needs with less chewing. 

 Make Dental Exams a Routine Part of Wellness

Early interventions mean better outcomes. When dental exams and X-rays are part of your pet’s annual wellness visit, it’s much simpler to address progressive disease before it becomes painful and medically complex.

Practice good at-home care, and don’t wait for tooth resorption to make its presence known through swollen gums and broken teeth. Ask your veterinarian about routine dental screenings, and protect your cat’s oral health at every stage of life. 

If this winter has felt exceptionally long for you and your canine companion, a spring filled with patio weather, outdoor adventures, and dog-friendly events is just around the corner. 

Raleigh dogs and their humans who have missed being out and about have a lot to look forward to in the coming season. Whether your pet loves to socialize, exercise, or simply tag along, here are just some of the dog-friendly events happening in and around Raleigh in the spring of 2026. 

Hoppy Paws Easter Eggstravaganza

When: March 28, 2026

Dogs who love sniffing out treats will have a ball at the Hoppy Paws Easter Eggstravaganza. Hosted by the Carolina Boxer Rescue and Triangle Canine Club,  this fun-filled Saturday features a dog-safe egg hunt and a variety of local vendors and rescue organizations.

Grab a photo with the Easter Bunny and take advantage of this great opportunity to connect with other Triangle-area pet parents and support animal welfare at the community level. 

Cary Dog Daze and Pet Expo

When: May 2, 2026

One of the most anticipated pet-focused events in the Triangle, Cary Dog Daze and Pet Expo, is a must-visit for dog lovers. Social, crowd-tolerant dogs will enjoy this free community event that brings together local rescues, vendors, trainers, and pet-friendly businesses for a full day of canine-centered fun.

You can expect agility demonstrations, training showcases, adoptable pets, and plenty of vendors offering treats and goodies for dogs and humans. 

The 2026 event will take place at the Cary Police Department and is free to attend. 

Durham Central Park Food Truck Rodeo

When: April 12, 2026

Take advantage of all that the Triangle has to offer pet parents and mark your calendar for Durham Central Park’s Spring Food Truck Rodeo. 

Leashed dogs are welcome at the park’s five-acre green space. Taste offerings from a lineup of the Triangle’s favorite food trucks, accompanied by live music and family-friendly entertainment like face painting and bounce houses. 

Dogs who don’t mind noise and crowds can look forward to a long walk filled with new smells. 

Unleashed’s Annual Spring Fling

When: April 26, 2026

Hosted by the Unleashed pet store community, the Annual Spring Fling is a celebration tailored to pets, kids, and families. Enjoy live music, food trucks, raffles, and meet-and-greets with adoptable cats and dogs. 

The Spring Fling is free to attend, and proceeds from raffles and the yearly dog-centric Easter egg hunt benefit local animal welfare groups.

This high-energy event is ideal for pets who are comfortable around crowds, children, and other animals.

Pints & Pups Adoption Event

When: 1st Tuesday of the month

Thinking about growing your family? The Pints & Pups Adoption Event is a recurring monthly gathering held at Ponysaurus Brewing Co. in Raleigh. These relaxed meetups combine a dog-friendly brewery atmosphere with local rescue adoption opportunities.

Enjoy a craft brew while your dog socializes on the patio, and meet adoptable pets looking for their forever homes. 

Bark & Bond

When: Last Tuesday of the month

Hosted by Triangle Canine Club, Bark & Bond offers local dog parents a monthly opportunity to connect and socialize their pets. 

This low-pressure, informal gathering takes place at Boxyard RTP’s Barkyard, an amenity-filled play space designed for dogs of all sizes. Grab a drink or a bite from a variety of on-site eateries while your dog enjoys an off-leash playdate. 

Before You Head Out

As you get ready to enjoy social opportunities and warmer weather, plan ahead to set your dog up for success. 

• Research events and venues to confirm leash policies
• Make sure your dog is up to date on vaccines 
• Pack plenty of water, waste bags, and treats
• Have an exit strategy if your dog gets overwhelmed

Use what you know about your dog’s preferences and temperament to choose events you can both enjoy. Whether the perfect outing is a high-energy festival or a cold pint in a quiet section of a dog-friendly patio, Raleigh is a fantastic place for you and your dog to welcome spring.